Compiled Periodical and Practitioner Articles


Almasloukh KB. Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies: State-of-the-Art Review. Nursing Science Quarterly. 2022;35(1):92-100. doi:10.1177/08943184211051367

Artz, N. L., Robbins, J., & Millman, S. T. (2021). Outcomes of an Equine Assisted Learning Curriculum to Support Well-Being of Medical Students and Residents. Journal of medical education and curricular development8, 23821205211016492. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205211016492 

Bachi K. (2013). Application of attachment theory to equine-facilitated psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 43(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-013-9232-1

Blevins C. A., Weathers F. W., Davis M. T., Witte T. K., Domino J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059

Bond F. W., Hayes S. C., Baer R. A., Carpenter K. M., Guenole N., Orcutt H. K., Waltz T., Zettle R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007

Burton L. E., Qeadan F., Burge M. R. (2019). Efficacy of equine-assisted psychotherapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(1), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2018.11.001

Cantin, A., & Marshall‐Lucette, S. (2011). Examining the Literature on the Efficacy of Equine Assisted Therapy for People with Mental Health and Behavioural Disorders. Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 8, 51-61.

Earles J. L., Vernon L. L., Yetz J. P. (2015). Equine-assisted therapy for anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(2), 149–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21990

Ferruolo D. M. (2016). Psychosocial equine program for veterans. Social Work, 61(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swv054

Fisher PW, Lazarov A, Lowell A, et al. Equine-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder among military veterans: an open trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2021;82(5):21m14005. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.21m14005 

Forstrom D’Agostino, J. H. (2019). Equine-assisted psychotherapy for childhood trauma: A randomized controlled trial of the EAGALA model.  https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/equine-assisted-psychotherapy-childhood-trauma/docview/2323546149/se-2

Galovski T. E., Wachen J., Chard K. M., Monson C. M., Resick P. A. (2015). Cognitive processing therapy. In Schnyder U., Cloitre M. (Eds.), Evidence based treatments for trauma-related psychological disorders: A practical guide for clinicians (pp. 189–203). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1_10

Gomez I. B. (2017). Evaluating a program of equine-assisted therapy for veterans with PTSD symptoms. Doctoral dissertation. Alliant International University. Order No. AAI10119467.

Greve, Mara. (2021). Horses And Gestalt Coaching: A Promising Combination For Life Skills Learning. Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. 4. 124-135. 10.17770/sie2021vol4.6378. Horses And Gestalt Coaching: A Promising Combination For Life Skills Learning | Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings Of The International Scientific Conference (Ru.Lv)

Hamilton A. J., Hamilton J. F. (2019). The neuro-equine model: A manual on the scientific approach to the application and practice of equine-assisted therapy and learning. Rancho Bosque LLC and House Hamilton Business Group PLC.

Haugen P. T., Evces M., Weiss D. S. (2012). Treating posttraumatic stress disorder in first responders: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(5), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.04.001

Hemingway, A. (2019) A study exploring the implementation of an equine assisted intervention for young people with mental health and behavioural issues. Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, 2 (2), 236-246 https://doi.org/10.3390/j2020017

Hemingway A, Carter S, Callaway A, Kavanagh E, Ellis S. (2019) An exploration of the mechanism of action of an equine-assisted intervention. Animals, 9 (6), 303.

Ipser J. C., Stein D. J. (2011). Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1461145711001209

Jarolmen, J. (2018). An Innovative Approach for Learning Self-Awareness and Nonverbal Communication. Horses for Healers. Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping, 24(3), 28-37.

Kar N. (2011). Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: A review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 7(1), 167–181. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S10389

Keenan P., Royle L. (2007). Vicarious trauma and first responders: A case study utilizing eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as the primary treatment modality. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 9(4), 291–298.

Kinney, A. R., Eakman, A. M., Lassell, R., & Wood, W. (2019). Equine-assisted interventions for veterans with service-related health conditions: a systematic mapping review. Military Medical Researchhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-019-0217-6

Klontz B.T., Bivens A., Leinart D., Klontz T. (2007). The effectiveness of equine-assisted experiential therapy: Results of an open clinical trial. Society and Animals, 15(3), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853007X217195

Kovács, G., van Dijke, A., Enders-Slegers, M-J. (2020). Psychodynamic Based Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy in Adults with Intertwined Personality Problems and Traumatization: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(16), 5661, 1-18. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165661

Kroenke K., Spitzer R. L. (2002). The PHQ-9: A new depression diagnostic and severity measure. Psychiatric Annals, 32(9), 509–515. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06

Lac, V. (2017). Amy’s Story: An Existential-Integrative Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy Approach to Anorexia Nervosa. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 57(3), 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167815627900. Amy’s Story: An Existential-Integrative Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy Approach to Anorexia Nervosa – Veronica Lac, 2017 (sagepub.com)

Levine P. A. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma: The innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences. North Atlantic Books.

Lewis-Schroeder N. F., Kieran K., Murphy B. L., Wolff J. D., Robinson M. A., Kaufman M. L. (2019). Conceptualization, assessment, and treatment of traumatic stress in first responders: A review of critical issues. Harvard Review Psychiatry, 26(4), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000176

Marchand A., Nadeau C., Beaulieu-Prévost D., Boyer R., Martin M. (2015). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder among police officers: A prospective study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(3), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038780

Marchand WR. Potential Mechanisms of Action and Outcomes of Equine-Assisted Services for Veterans with a History of Trauma: A Narrative Review of the Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(14):6377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146377

Marchand WR, Andersen SJ, Smith JE, Hoopes KH, Carlson JK. Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current State, Challenges and Future Directions. Chronic Stress. 2021;5. doi:10.1177/2470547021991556. Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current State, Challenges and Future Directions (sagepub.com)

Marmar C. R., McCaslin S. E., Metzler T. J., Best S., Weiss D. S., Fagan J., Liberman A., Pole N., Otte C., Yehuda R., Mohr D., Neylan T. (2006). Predictors of posttraumatic stress in police and other first responders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1364.001

Maros K., Gácsi M., Miklósi A. (2008). Comprehension of human pointing gestures in horses (Equus caballus). Animal Cognition, 11(3), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-008-0136-5

Martin A., Rief W., Klaiberg A., Braehler E. (2006). Validity of the brief patient health questionnaire mood scale (PHQ-9) in the general population. General Hospital Psychiatry, 28(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.07.003

Masini A. (2010). Equine-assisted psychotherapy in clinical practice. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 48(10), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20100831-08

Moore L., Wagner P., Jeffrey H. (2009). Addiction programming model at its best. In Paper presented at the 10th annual conference of the equine assisted growth and learning association, Asheville, NC, 2009, March.

Naste, T. M., Price, M., Karol, J., Martin, L., Murphy, K., Miguel, J., Spinazzola, J. (2018). Equine Facilitated Therapy for Complex Trauma (EFT-CT). Journ Child Adol Trauma, 11(3), 289–303. DOI: 10.1007/s40653-017-0187-3

Niessen-Derry, C. (2015). How equine-facilitated psychotherapy addresses military sexual trauma among female veterans: Systematic review. Social Work Master’s Clinical Research Papers. 495. University of St. Thomas. https://ir.stthomas.edu/ssw_mstrp/495

Notgrass, C. G. & Pettinelli, J.D. (2015). Equine Assisted Psychotherapy: The Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association’s Model Overview of Equine-Based Modalities. Journal of Experiential Education, 38(2), 162-174. DOI: 10.1177/1053825914528472

Porter-Wenzlaff, L. (2007). Finding their voice: developing emotional, cognitive, and behavioral congruence in female abuse survivors through equine facilitated therapy. Explore, 3(5), 529-534. DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2007.07.016

Romaniuk M., Evans J., Kidd C. (2018). Evaluation of an equine-assisted therapy program for veterans who identify as ‘wounded, injured, or ill’ and their partners. Plos One, 13(9), Article e0203943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203943

Selby, A., & Smith-Osborne, A. (2013). A systematic review of effectiveness of complementary and adjunct therapies and interventions involving equines. Health Psychology, 32(4), 418–432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029188

Shelef A., Brafman D., Rosing T., Weizman A., Stryjer R., Barak Y. (2019). Equine assisted therapy for patients with post traumatic stress disorder: A case series study. Military Medicine, 184(9/10), 394–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz036.

Sloan D. M., Bovin M. J., Schnurr P. P. (2012). Review of group treatment for PTSD. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 49(5), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2011.07.0123

Souilm, N. Equine-assisted therapy effectiveness in improving emotion regulation, self-efficacy, and perceived self-esteem of patients suffering from substance use disorders. BMC Complement Med Ther 23, 363 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04191-6

Spitzer R. L., Kroenke K., Williams J. B., Löwe B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

Statistics Canada (2014). Table 13-10-0465-01 Mental health indicatorshttps://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310046501

Staudt, M., & Cherry, D. (2017). Equine-facilitated therapy and trauma: Current knowledge, future needs. Advances in Social Work, 18(1), 403–414. https://doi.org/10.18060/21292

Sylvia L., West E., Blackburn A. M., Gupta C., Bui E., Mahoney T., Duncan G., Wright E. C., Lejeune S., Spencer T. J. (2020). Acceptability of an adjunct equine-assisted activities and therapies program for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and/or traumatic brain injury. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 18(2), 169–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.005

Trautmann S., Rehm J., Wittchen H. U. (2016). The economic costs of mental disorders: Do our societies react appropriately to the burden of mental disorders? EMBO Reports, 17(9), 1245–1249. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201642951

Usadi, E.J., & Levine, R.S. (2017). Why We Don’t Ride: Equine Assisted Psychotherapy, Military Veterans and Moral Injury. Journal of trauma and treatment, 6, 1-6. Why We Don’t Ride: Equine Assisted Psychotherapy, Military Veterans and Moral Injury | Semantic Scholar

Weathers F. W., Litz B. T., Keane T. M., Palmieri P. A., Marx B. P., Schnurr P. P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), p. 10. Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov

Wilson S., Guliani H., Boichev G. (2016). On the economics of post-traumatic stress disorder among first responders in Canada. Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being, 1(2), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.6

White-Lewis, S. (2019). Equine‐assisted therapies using horses as healers: A concept analysis. Nursing Open Volume 7, Issue 1Jan 2020, 1-465. Equine‐assisted therapies using horses as healers: A concept analysis – PMC (nih.gov)

Wittchen H. U., Jacobi F., Rehm J., Gustavsson A., Svensson M., Jönsson B., Olesen J., Allgulander C., Alonso J., Faravelli C., Fratiglioni L., Jennum P., Lieb R., Maercker A., van Os J., Preisig M., Salvador-Carulla L., Simon R., Steinhausen H.C. (2011). The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21(9), 655- 679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018

Yoo, J., Oh, Y., Jang, B., Song, J., Kim, J., Kim, S., Lee, J., Shin, H., Kwon, J., Kim, Y., Jeong, B. and Joung, Y. (2016) The effects of equine-assisted activities and therapy on resting-state brain function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A pilot study. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience. 14 (4), 357-364. https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2016.14.4.35

Equine-Assisted Services Definitions Guide For Researchers. Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International (PATH Intl.). 2023. PATH-Intl-Definitions-Guide-for-Researchers.pdf (pathintl.org)

Gage, Lindsey A. How and Why Are Horses Used in Therapy. The Plaid Horse. October 26, 2021. How and Why Are Horses Used in Therapy – The Plaid Horse Magazine

Herbert, Melissa. VISN 5 MIRECC Matters Spring 2021 – Holistic Healing through Horses. VISN 5 MIRECC Matters Spring 2021 – Holistic Healing through Horses – MIRECC / CoE (va.gov)

Smith, Stew. How Horse Therapy Can Help Veterans. Military.Com. October, 29, 2021. Veteran Horse Therapy: Where to Find It and How It Helps | Military.com